Search results for " edge"

Bandgap behavior and singularity of the domain-induced light scattering through the pressure-induced ferroelectric transition in relaxor ferroelectri…

2018

[EN] In this letter, we have investigated the electronic structure of A(x)Ba(1-x)Nb(2)O(6) relaxor ferroelectrics on the basis of optical absorption spectroscopy in unpoled single crystals with A = Sr and Ca under high pressure. The direct character of the fundamental transition could be established by fitting Urbach's rule to the photon energy dependence of the absorption edge yielding bandgaps of 3.44(1) eV and 3.57(1) eV for A = Sr and Ca, respectively. The light scattering by ferroelectric domains in the pre-edge spectral range has been studied as a function of composition and pressure. After confirming with x-ray diffraction the occurrence of the previously observed ferroelectric to pa…

Inhomogeneous electron distribution in InN nanowires: Influence on the optical properties

2012

In this work, we study theoretically and experimentally the influence of the surface electron accumulation on the optical properties of InN nanowires. For this purpose, the photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectra have been measured for a set of self-assembled InN NWs grown under different conditions. The photoluminescence excitation experimental lineshapes have been reproduced by a self-consistent calculation of the absorption in a cylindrical InN nanowires. With the self-consistent model we can explore how the optical absorption depends on nanowires radius and doping concentration. Our model solves the Schrodinger equation for a cylindrical nanowire of infinite length, a…

Silicon dosimeters based on Floating Gate Sensor: design, implementation and characterization

2020

A rad-hard monolithic dosimeter has been implemented and characterized in a standard 180 nm CMOS technology. The radiation sensor (C-sensor) is based on a Floating Gate (FG) MOS discharge principle. The output current is processed by a current-to-voltage (I/V) interface and then converted by a 5-bit flash ADC. The dosimeter is re-usable (FG can be recharged) and can detect a dose up to 1krad (Si) with a resolution of 30rad (Si) typical over temperature 0 to 85°C range. The ADC allows easy further signal processing for calibration and averaging, etc. The power consumption of C-sensor plus I/V interface is < 2mW from a 5 V power supply. The overall layout area is less than 0.25mm2. The Rad…

Positron trapping defects in free-volume investigation of Ge–Ga–S–CsCl glasses

2016

Abstract Evolution of free-volume positron trapping defects caused by crystallization process in (80GeS 2 –20Ga 2 S 3 ) 100−х (СsCl) x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 15 chalcogenide-chalcohalide glasses was studied by positron annihilation lifetime technique. It is established that CsCl additives in Ge–Ga–S glassy matrix transform defect-related component spectra, indicating that the agglomeration of free-volume voids occurs in initial and crystallized (80GeS 2 –20Ga 2 S 3 ) 100−х (СsCl) x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 glasses. Void fragmentation in (80GeS 2 –20Ga 2 S 3 ) 85 (СsCl) 15 glass can be associated with loosing of their inner structure. Full crystallization in each of these glasses corresponds to the formation of defe…

Estudio de bofedales en los Andes ecuatorianos a través de la comparación de imágenes Landsat-8 y Sentinel-2

2019

[EN] The objective of the present study was to compare the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images to calculate the wetland´s extension, distribution and degree of conservation, in Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chinborazo (RPFCH) protected area located in the Andean region of Ecuador. This process was developed with in situ work in 16 wetlands, distributed in different conservation levels. The Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images were processed through a radiometric calibration (restoration of lost lines or píxels and correction of the stripe of the image) and an atmospheric correction (conversion of the digital levels to radiance values), to later calculate the Vegetation spectral indexes: NDVI, SAVI …

Multi-Crop Green LAI Estimation with a New Simple Sentinel-2 LAI Index (SeLI)

2019

The spatial quantification of green leaf area index (LAIgreen), the total green photosynthetically active leaf area per ground area, is a crucial biophysical variable for agroecosystem monitoring. The Sentinel-2 mission is with (1) a temporal resolution lower than a week, (2) a spatial resolution of up to 10 m, and (3) narrow bands in the red and red-edge region, a highly promising mission for agricultural monitoring. The aim of this work is to define an easy implementable LAIgreen index for the Sentinel-2 mission. Two large and independent multi-crop datasets of in situ collected LAIgreen measurements were used. Commonly used LAIgreen indices applied on the Sentinel-2 10 m &times

From glacial refugia to hydrological microrefugia: Factors and processes driving the persistence of the climate relict tree Zelkova sicula

2021

Abstract With only two tiny populations, the climate relict Zelkova sicula (Sicily, Italy) is one of the rarest trees in the world. It also represents the most marginal member of genus Zelkova that was widespread in the broadleaved forests thriving in warm–temperate climates throughout Eurasia until the Last Glacial Age. Occurring at the westernmost range of the genus under typical Mediterranean climate, the micro‐topographic settings have always appeared crucial for the survival of this relict. However, the factors and processes actually involved in its persistence in the current refugia, as well as the response of similar relict trees in arid environments, are poorly understood worldwide.…

Which traits allow weed species to persist in grass margin strips ?

2017

EASPEGESTADINRA; Sown-grass margin strips, historically established to limit pesticide drift and soil erosion, are now also promoted for enhancing floral diversity and associated ecosystem services. To better understand weed community assembly in grass margin strips, we performed floral surveys in 75 sown-grass margin strips in two regions in France and characterized each species using information from trait databases. We hypothesized that traits of dominant species would differ between newly sown-grass margin strips and older strips. Weed species were separated into functional groups based on their traits using multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical ascendant classification. Fun…

2021

Nitrogen (N) is one of the key nutrients supplied in agricultural production worldwide. Over-fertilization can have negative influences on the field and the regional level (e.g., agro-ecosystems). Remote sensing of the plant N of field crops presents a valuable tool for the monitoring of N flows in agro-ecosystems. Available data for validation of satellite-based remote sensing of N is scarce. Therefore, in this study, field spectrometer measurements were used to simulate data of the Sentinel-2 (S2) satellites developed for vegetation monitoring by the ESA. The prediction performance of normalized ratio indices (NRIs), random forest regression (RFR) and Gaussian processes regression (GPR) f…

Scenario-based discrimination of common grapevine varieties using in-field hyperspectral data in the western of Iran

2019

Abstract Field spectroscopy is an accurate, rapid and nondestructive technique for monitoring of agricultural plant characteristics. Among these, identification of grapevine varieties is one of the most important factors in viticulture and wine industry. This study evaluated the discriminatory ability of field hyperspectral data and statistical techniques in case of five common grapevine varieties in the western of Iran. A total of 3000 spectral samples were acquired at leaf and canopy levels. Then, in order to identify the best approach, two types of hyperspectral data (wavelengths from 350 to 2500 nm and 32 spectral indices), two data reduction methods (PLSR and ANOVA-PCA) and two classif…